Ali Yurtsever

About Ali Yurtsever

Posts by Ali Yurtsever:

Employee share ownership in Turkey explained: Share option agreement methods under Turkish Commercial Code (TCC).

Share Option Agreements in Turkey: Legal Framework and Practical Uncertainties

I. Introduction Allowing employees to own company shares and signing share option agreements for this purpose has become an effective method for enhancing employee loyalty and incentivizing performance. While different types of share option agreements are frequently used in practice to achieve this goal, the lack of legal regulations and limitations in practice under Turkish law pose significant challenges for companies in establishing share ownership plans for employees. This article provides an analysis of the […]

Diagram illustrating the process of arbitration in corporate law disputes under Turkish legislation

Arbitration in Corporate Law Disputes: Turkey

Validity of Arbitration Clauses in the Articles of Association, Shareholders’ Agreements, and Joint Venture Agreements In recent years, arbitration in corporate law disputes has become increasingly popular due to the significant advantages it offers over state courts, particularly in commercial matters. Arbitration provides a faster mechanism for dispute resolution, allows parties to appoint arbitrators with specialized expertise, and ensures flexibility and confidentiality throughout the proceedings. It also benefits from the New York Convention on the […]

Aggregator Licenses in Turkey: Key Changes to Turkey's Electricity Market in 2024

Key Changes to Turkey’s Electricity Market: New Aggregator Licenses Explained

I. Introduction The Turkish energy sector is undergoing a transformative shift with the introduction of the Electricity Market Aggregator Regulation, which introduceses the new aggregator licenses, published on December 17, 2024, and set to take effect on January 1, 2025. This new regulation establishes the aggregator as a formal electricity market participant, laying down the legal and operational framework for aggregators to manage and optimize energy production, consumption, and storage across the grid. The introduction […]

Image of a balance scale symbolizing justice with the validity of order notes in Turkey

Order Notes in Turkey: Negotiable Instruments & Key Criteria for Validity

In the realm of business transactions, ensuring payment is not just a matter of trust but also of legal preparation. Negotiable instruments, integral to financial dealings worldwide, play a critical role in Turkey’s commercial landscape. These documents, governed by the Turkish Commercial Code, are not merely a means of documenting a debt; they offer robust legal protections and simplified enforcement mechanisms that ordinary notes cannot match. Within the broader category of valuable papers (“kıymetli evrak”), […]

The Future of AI in Legal Due Diligence: A Detailed Legal Perspective

The Future of AI in Legal Due Diligence: A Detailed Legal Perspective Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping many facets of the legal industry, particularly in the realm of due diligence. This process, which is central to transactions like mergers and acquisitions (M&A), real estate investments, and compliance reviews, involves a thorough examination of legal risks and obligations. Traditionally a time-intensive task, legal due diligence is increasingly being supported by AI, which offers efficiencies in speed, […]

Protection and Licensing of TV Formats under Turkish Law

In Turkey, the protection and licensing of television formats are governed by a mix of copyright law, unfair competition law, and contractual agreements. While TV formats do not enjoy direct protection under Turkish copyright law, there are avenues through which creators can safeguard their formats. This article explores the nature of TV format protection, licensing practices, types of TV formats, and relevant legal frameworks. I. Nature of TV Formats under Turkish law – […]

Guide to Expiring Antidumping Duties in Turkey for 2025

Preparing for 2025: Key Antidumping Measures in Turkey Set for Expiry Reviews

I. Expiring Antidumping Duties in Turkey – What to Expect in 2025 As Turkey continues to maintain antidumping measures to protect its domestic industries, many existing antidumping duties are scheduled to expire in 2025. These expiring antidumping duties have been instrumental in stabilizing markets against low-priced foreign imports, but with expiration dates approaching, a renewal process known as the expiry review will likely commence for each affected measure. For foreign exporters, the expiration of these […]

Infographic explaining the PDT process in Turkey

How to Claim VAT Refunds for Trade Fair Expenses in Turkey: A Guide for Foreign Businesses and Attendees

I. Introduction to VAT Refunds for Trade Fair Expenses in Turkey For foreign businesses attending trade fairs, trade shows, and exhibitions in Turkey, a unique opportunity exists to claim a refund on the Value Added Tax (VAT) paid for goods and services directly related to their participation. This provision, designed to encourage international presence in Turkish trade events, helps reduce overall costs for non-resident companies by allowing them to claim VAT refunds for trade fair […]

Ukraine antidumping investigation "Water supply and heating fittings from Turkey and China

Ukraine Antidumping Investigation on Water Supply and Heating Fittings from Turkey and China: Key Facts and Defense Strategies

In October 2024, Ukraine initiated an antidumping investigation targeting imports of water supply and heating fittings originating from Turkey and China. This new Ukraine antidumping investigation, overseen by the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine and the Interdepartmental Commission on International Trade (Commission), seeks to determine whether Turkish and Chinese exporters have been selling these fittings at unfairly low prices, potentially harming Ukraine’s domestic industry. If confirmed, the investigation may result in additional duties or other […]

Breaking the Barrier: How Exporters Can Challenge Antidumping Duties in Turkey

Antidumping measures have become a critical tool for Turkey to protect its domestic industries from unfair foreign competition. These measures are imposed when imported goods are sold in Turkey at prices below their normal value, harming local businesses. For foreign exporters, antidumping duties can significantly disrupt market access and profitability, making it essential to understand not only how these measures are implemented but also how to challenge antidumping duties effectively. In our previous article, […]